Psalm 110:1-4

“You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.” (Psalm 110:4)

Psalm 110 is a royal psalm and the Old Testament text most often quoted in the New. It consists largely of two divine oracles, and these four verses contain both. The first (v. 1) seats the king at the right hand until his enemies are made a footstool, and its double reference to a lord is what makes the argument of Mark 12:35-37 possible. The second (v. 4) grants a priesthood by oath, after the order of Melchizedek, a figure who appears in only one other Old Testament verse (Genesis 14:18) and is then developed at length in Hebrews 5-7. Between them sits v. 3, among the most disputed lines in the Psalter: the Hebrew speaks of the king’s young men in holy array, while the Greek and Latin read of a begetting from the womb before the morning star, and it is that reading which gave the psalm its long place in the liturgy of Christmas night.

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