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Pentecost Season · The Most Holy Trinity · Year C

Romans 5:1-5

Peace and Joy

The Return of the Prodigal Son, Pompeo Batoni
The Return of the Prodigal Son, Pompeo Batoni, 1773Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna · public domain

Overview & Insights

“Since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.” (Romans 5:1)

Romans 5 has been much debated in terms of its context: does it belong with 1:18–4:25, or does it begin a new unit?1Most scholars today believe that although chapter 5 does connect back to 1:18–4:25 (since the topic of justification so pervasive there occurs also in 5:1, 9, 16–19, 21), it most likely begins a new unit that concludes in 8:39. Several arguments indicate that this is the case. First, the opening words of 5:1, “Since we have been justified by faith,” summarize the theme of 1:18–4:25 while preparing the way for a new topic. Second, the polemical tone of 1:18–4:25 is replaced in chapter 5 with one of camaraderie, signaled by Paul’s use of the first-person plural. Third, the prevalence of key vocabulary from Romans 1:17—“the righteous will live by faith”—indicates that a shift in focus occurs between 1:18–4:25 and 5:1–8:39.

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What does justification by faith give?

Being justified, we have peace with God, and even suffering produces hope, for God shows his love in that while we were still sinners Christ died for us.

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