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Ordinary Time · The Most Holy Trinity · Year C

Romans 5:1-5

Peace and Joy

Allegory of Hope, Master of the Apollo and Daphne Legend
Allegory of Hope, Master of the Apollo and Daphne Legend, c. 1500Private collection
Hope sits enthroned beneath a great scallop-shell canopy, robed in red over white, her hands joined in prayer and her eyes lifted.Hope does not disappoint us, because God’s love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit that has been given to us.Master of the Apollo and Daphne LegendAn unnamed Florentine painter of about 1500, named after a set of panels telling the myth of Apollo and Daphne, who worked in the circle of Botticelli and Ghirlandaio.Private collectionA private collection; the painting passed through the Dorotheum auction house in Vienna.Private collection

Overview & Insights

“Since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.” (Romans 5:1)

Romans 5 has been much debated in terms of its context: does it belong with 1:18–4:25, or does it begin a new unit?1Most scholars today believe that although chapter 5 does connect back to 1:18–4:25 (since the topic of justification so pervasive there occurs also in 5:1, 9, 16–19, 21), it most likely begins a new unit that concludes in 8:39. Several arguments indicate that this is the case. First, the opening words of 5:1, “Since we have been justified by faith,” summarize the theme of 1:18–4:25 while preparing the way for a new topic. Second, the polemical tone of 1:18–4:25 is replaced in chapter 5 with one of camaraderie, signaled by Paul’s use of the first-person plural. Third, the prevalence of key vocabulary from Romans 1:17—“the righteous will live by faith”—indicates that a shift in focus occurs between 1:18–4:25 and 5:1–8:39.

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What does justification by faith give?

Being justified, we have peace with God, and even suffering produces hope, for God shows his love in that while we were still sinners Christ died for us.

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