Pentecost Season · Holy Cross · Year B
Numbers 21:4b-9
The Bronze Snake
September 14, 2027

Overview & Insights
“The Lord said to Moses, ‘Make a snake and put it up on a pole; anyone who is bitten can look at it and live.’” (Numbers 21:8)
Most of the narratives up until now in Numbers are of a negative tone, filled with rebellion and sin and death. These events include the rebellion and sin of the leaders Moses and Aaron (Num. 20:2–13) and the deaths of Miriam and Aaron (Num. 21:1, 22–29). But as the old generation disappears, the tone of the narratives becomes increasingly positive. Numbers 21:1–9 shows progress, regress, and progress. The people are on the move, going around Edom (Num. 21:4), which has refused them passage (Num. 20:21–23), and will soon pass through Moab (Num. 21:10–20). There is a victory at Hormah, a place where the old, disobedient generation had been routed (Num. 14:45). But then there is one last rebellion that leads God to send vipers among them. But even this is mitigated by the people’s expressions of remorse and repentance. Thus, this section represents movement both physically and spiritually toward the promised land.
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Commentary
Numbers 21:4b-9 (Old Testament) Working Preacher
Weekly exegesis of this reading by a named seminary scholar.
Numbers 21:4-9 Commentary (2024) Center for Excellence in Preaching
A Reformed preaching commentary on the Lent 4 reading of the same bronze serpent text.
Numbers 21:4-9 Commentary (2021) Center for Excellence in Preaching
A second Reformed commentary on the same bronze serpent story.
Numbers 21 Commentary: On the Way to Canaan Enduring Word
David Guzik's chapter commentary covering the fiery serpents and the bronze serpent Moses raised.
Numbers 21 Commentary Precept Austin
A verse by verse evangelical commentary on Israel's complaint and the bronze serpent.
Background & Word Study
Questions preachers ask
What is the bronze serpent?
When Israel grumbles in the wilderness and venomous snakes bite the people, God tells Moses to lift a bronze serpent on a pole; all who look at it live (Numbers 21:4–9). Jesus makes it a picture of his own lifting up on the cross (John 3:14–15), which is why this reading anchors Holy Cross Day.
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