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Pentecost Season · Proper 27 · Year A

1 Thessalonians 4:13-18

Living to Please God

The Resurrection of the Flesh, Luca Signorelli
The Resurrection of the Flesh, Luca Signorelli, 1499–1502San Brizio Chapel, Orvieto Cathedral, Orvieto
In the San Brizio chapel at Orvieto. The dead climb out of a flat bare ground, some still skeletons, some already fully fleshed, with two angels sounding trumpets overhead.For the Lord himself, with a cry of command, with the archangel’s call and with the sound of God’s trumpet, will descend from heaven, and the dead in Christ will rise first.Luca SignorelliAn Umbrian painter obsessed with the nude figure in violent motion, whose Orvieto frescoes Michelangelo studied closely.San Brizio Chapel, Orvieto Cathedral, OrvietoA chapel in the cathedral of Orvieto, frescoed by Fra Angelico and then, fifty years later, finished by Signorelli.San Brizio Chapel, Orvieto Cathedral, Orvieto

Overview & Insights

“And so we will be with the Lord forever. Therefore encourage one another with these words.” (1 Thessalonians 4:17–18)

The first three chapters of this letter are largely personal and historical in character, the last two practical and doctrinal. They are joined in the Greek by the conjunction oun, which sometimes expresses a logical connection, as in Romans 12:1 where the exhortation arises out of the doctrinal exposition (cf. also Eph. 4:1; Col. 3:5). But not here. The oun is simply transitional. In his report, Timothy may have noted a tendency, or at least a temptation, for the Thessalonians to slip back into heathen conduct. There is always the pressure to conform—the downward pull of society. Paul exhorts them, therefore, to holiness (vv. 1–8; cf. 5:22f.), and to love (vv. 9f.), taking up the themes of the prayer of 3:11–13. He also pleads that they live quiet and industrious lives (vv. 11f.). Bruce suggests that the urgency of the exhortation betrays some resistance on the part of the Thessalonians.

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Questions preachers ask

What is Paul’s hope for the dead?

Paul comforts the grieving: those who have died in Christ are not lost; at the Lord’s coming they will rise first and all will be with him forever. “Encourage one another with these words” (1 Thessalonians 4:13–18).

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