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Advent · Second Sunday in Advent · Year C

Luke 3:1-14

John the Baptist Prepares the Way

John the Baptist Preaching in the Wilderness, Jan Steen
John the Baptist Preaching in the Wilderness, Jan Steen, 1653Nivaagaard Museum, Denmark
Under rocky cliffs and tall trees a mixed crowd of townsfolk, soldiers and travellers gathers to hear John preach.And the crowds asked him, What then should we do? In reply he said to them, Whoever has two coats must share with anyone who has none; and whoever has food must do likewise.Jan SteenA Dutch painter best known for his crowded, good-humoured scenes of ordinary life, who also painted many Bible stories.Nivaagaard Museum, DenmarkThe Nivaagaard Collection, a private museum of Old Master paintings north of Copenhagen.Nivaagaard Museum, Denmark

Overview & Insights

“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” (John 3:16)

Nicodemus is introduced as a particular example of the “believers” mentioned in 2:23–25. As a “ member of the Jewish ruling council ” and “ Israel’s teacher ” (vv. 1, 10), he is perhaps not wholly typical of the group, though later indications are that leaders of the people were indeed conspicuous among these so-called believers (12:42). It is probably out of fear that Nicodemus comes to Jesus at night. Speaking perhaps for the larger group, he makes a confession that puts the narrator’s summary (2:23) into his own words: Rabbi, we know you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the miraculous signs you are doing if God were not with him (v. 2).

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Why is this read on Holy Cross Day?

Jesus tells Nicodemus that “as Moses lifted up the snake in the wilderness, so the Son of Man must be lifted up” (John 3:14). The bronze serpent of Numbers 21 becomes a sign of the cross: all who look in faith to the crucified and risen Christ are healed and given eternal life. The reading holds John 3:16, the gospel in miniature.

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